Panorama. net Links. The flaming touch and the campfire probably constituted early mans first use of artificial lighting. Prehistoric man, used primitive lamps to illuminate his cave. Nowadays the electrical lighting is the most commonly used form of artificial lighting. The history of electrical lighting is long. In 1. 80. 9, SIR HUMPHREY DAVY first demonstrated the electric carbon arc at the Royal Institution in London. The electric arc was also used for lighting at the Paris Opera. The principal of the electric arc is still used today by many older followspots and film projectors, used in entertainment facilities around the world. In 1. 87. 7 Thomas Edison became interested and experimented with electric lighting. On October 1. 5, 1. Edison Electric Light Company was incorporated. Edison patented more than 1. Besides the incandescent lamp, Edison is given credit for inventing a system of electric generation. Although Edison did not invent the electric filament lamp, he did however turn theory into practicable form and was one of the first to successfully market incandescent lighting. Edisons first successful lamp used carbonized cotton thread as a filament, installed in a glass bulb, with all air evacuated. In 1. 88. 0 Edison experimented with other materials for filaments, including wood, grasses, hair and bamboo. Of the over 6. 00. In 1. 88. 0, on January 1. Patent number 2. 23,8. Edison for the T. A. Edison Electric Lamp. After the introduction of the tungsten filament, the next highly significant step in the development of the incandescent lamp, came in 1. Coiled filament gas filled lamps in 5. They gave a much better light at higher efficiency with the same life as former lamps. Nitrogen gas was used in the first lamps but argon was substituted in 1. Nowadays artificial illumination consumes more than 2. There are several trends in energy saving technologies for lighting industry. The first is implementation new lamps such as fluorescent, mercury, sodium, metal halide, halogen lamps. The second is associated with electronic circuit design for such lamps. A History of Light and Lighting. Rate this link. Don Klipsteins lighting articles. LEDs, xenon flash. Rate this link. How Light Works. Rate this link. inter. Light. internet source for lighting specifiers, lighting manufacturers by product categories. Rate this link. Lighting Fundamentals. US EPA Office of Air and Radiation. Rate this link. Lighting Fundamentals. Rate this link. Light Measurement Handbook. Rate this link. Light Pollution Awareness Website. Rate this link. The Lighting Library. View and Download FORD CMAX owners manual online. FORD CMAX. CMAX Automobile pdf manual download. Search OMRON companys catalogues and technical brochures. The Sun is good. Without our hot, gas ball of a friend, wed all be dead. More accurately, we would have never been born So its a good thing that our Sun has. Back to Audio and Misc Repair FAQ Table of Contents. Maintenance and Troubleshooting Guide SAFETY The only danger to you in most audio equipment and the other devices. I/A1GkxufWxWL._SY355_.jpg' alt='Black Max Light Curtain Troubleshooting Computer' title='Black Max Light Curtain Troubleshooting Computer' />The app is certainly a relic, from a time when the casual computer user couldnt crack open Photoshop or Skitch or Pixelmator or thousands of web apps. View and Download Ford Cmax hybrid 2017 owners manual online. Cmax hybrid 2017 Automobile pdf manual download. Overview. 73 Magazine also known as 73 Amateur Radio Today was an amateur radio magazine that was published from October 1960 to September 2003. Yesterday took apart and repaired my notebook LCD screen with water damage. The screen itself was working just fine but. Rate this link. Tietoa valaistuksesta. Finnish. Rate this link. Ultraviolet Radiation. X rays it ranges in wavelength from about 4. It is a component less than 5 of the suns radiation and is also produced artificially in arc lamps, e. The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is divided into three bands UVA 3. UVB 2. 80 3. 20 nanometers and UVC below 2. Rate this link. Valaistustekniikka. Finnish. Rate this link. Voltage and Lamp Flicker Issues Should the IEEE Adopt the IEC Approach Rate this link. World Lighting Links. Internet. Rate this link. German. Rate this link. Light Pollution Information. Light can pollute the outdoor environment and wash away the view of stars in the sky. This curable problem and can be prevented through the application of well designed and applied outdoor lighting. Rate this link. The Dark Side of Light. Although light pollution The evidence shows that artificial lighting has dire consequences for animal behavior, particularly on the ability to navigate at night. Rate this link. The majority of all indoor and outdoor lighting in the home today is provided by incandescent lamps, commonly referred to as conventional light bulbs. The light bulb is the most widely used lamp in residential and many commercial and industrial lighting applications for general lighting. Halogen lamps are a type of incandescent lamp that gives whiter light, lasts longer, is usually small, is slightly more efficient than normal bulb and costs more. Halogen lamps are best suited for lighting areas where a direct focus of light is required. Linear Fluorescent Tubes are the most common source of lighting in commercial facilities and can be found in many homes. Compact Fluorescent Lamps CFLs are of the same technology as linear tubes, but much smaller. CFLs operate with a ballast and a screw base adapter to accommodate their use in many indoor and outdoor applications. Typically, a 2. 5 watt fluorescent lamp is supposed to give offas much light as a 1. Those power rating are about right, if you wait about 1 minute for the fluorescent to comeup to full brightness. When installing compact fluorescent bulbs, be sure that they do not heat too much inside the la,p. It is possible for those to fail due to excessive temperature. They dont need to reach the temperatures produced by incandescent lamps to fail after a month or two. Compact fluorescents are great, get a name brand for longer bulb life. Compact florescents should not be used on any circuit which is controlled by scrs or triacs dimmers, motion detectors, security lights unless they aredesigned for this purpose. Low voltage halogen lamps are becoming more popular for lighting stores, buildings, hotels, and houses. The lamps come in different configurations and wattages typically up to 5. W. Typical voltages are 6, 1. V, supplied by a safety isolating transformers that are usually connected on their primary side directly to the mains power line 1. VRMS or 2. 20 VRMS. Most typical voltage used for low voltage halogen lighting is 1. V. Most of the time the safety isolating transformer feeding the lighting circuit is located in the ceiling of the room near the lights itself. In low voltage halogen lighting the most commonly used lamp types are MR 1. They are Multiple Reflector 2 inch lamps, seen as shop display lamps absolutely everywhere, available in low voltage flavour 1. V usually 2. 0W or 5. W bulbs, needs little transformer beside lamp, and mains voltage 2. V flavor usually 5. W or 7. 5W and choice of beam angles. The low voltage lamps are typically very bright. Lighting for use at a low voltage is to be considered as a power current installation since low voltages, such as 1. V, result in high currents even at moderate outputs which can generate a lot of heat. Installation must therefore be carried out carefully. The cables to the lamps must be fused in order to limit the heat generated, and they must not be twisted around one another as temperatures which are too high may then result. The core area is rough so that voltage drops which are too great do not occur, as this means that the anticipated light yield is then not achieved. Position the transformer close to the load so that the core area can be kept to a reasonable level. The following table provides guidance on the choice of cables for various loads at 1. V. Length. 1 mm. 21. W1. 20 W2. 00 W2. W. 00 W. 20 W m 8. W1. 10 W2. 00 W2. W. 00 W. 20 W m 4. W 5. 5 W1. 00 W1. W2. 50 W4. 00 W6 m 2. W 3. 5 W 6. 5 W1. W1. 60 W2. 50 W8 m 2. W 2. 5 W 5. 0 W 8. W1. 20 W2. 00 W1. W 2. 0 W 4. 0 W 6. W1. 00 W1. 40 W. Limited depending on the highest permissible fuse. Note on light bubs and fixture power ratings have necessary meaning. You might wonder why should a mostly metalic goosneck desk lamp say 6. W What if I put a more powerful bulb in it More heat creates more damage to the light fixture. When the lighting fixture was designed, it was designed to accept a certain amount of heat andstill work properly over the useful lifetime of the fixture. Golden Software Didger 4. If a fixture is designed to work properly with a 6. If a 1. 50 watt lamp isput into a fixture rated for 6. The designers will likely also have in mind a safe working teperature to the user, ie putting a higher wattage bulb in may raise the temperature of any metalwork on the lamp to a dangerous temperature which could cause burns to unsuspecting little fingers. The same principle applies to other lighting fitures as well.